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| 1.
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Rodger Steele Williamson
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Before his journey to Japan, Lafcadio Hearn started his career as a journalist in Cincinnati, Ohio where he conducted in
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-depth studies of various ethnic and minority groups. Historically, this was a very turbulent period after the American Civil War when former African slaves were freed but found themselves on the fringes of a predominately white, racist society. His bitter experiences would lead him away from the United States and as the editor of the Kobe Chronicle he found to courage to speak out. His early journalism led to an appreciation and, more importantly, a desire to point out the distinctive elements of culture that his contemporaries would ignore. His unpublished articles clearly show that this journey started with his days as a reporter in Cincinnati, Ohio. 日本に旅する前に、ラフカディオ・ハーンは南北戦争後の再建で混乱した時期のアメリカで新聞記者をしていた。社会的問題を暴露し、都市の犯罪を報道し、アメリカの無視されているマイノリティを苦しめている社会悪に関して重要な示唆をしている。ハーンは日本で帰化し、神戸クロニクルの編集者となって、シンシナティ時代に、日々以来彼を悩ませていた問題にも取り組むことができた。日本人として、彼は意見を声に出すことに何の制約もなくなった。ハーンの全体的世界観、とりわけシンシナティにおける経験は、今まで本として出版されることがなかった新聞記事にも多くに見られた。
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| 2.
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Tsuyoshi OHIRA
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Since the end of the Cold War, many internal conflicts have occurred all over the world. In response to these situations aid donors, including the United Nations, governmental aid organizations, and NGOs have implemented many projects
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to rebuild war-torn societies. However, some of those projects have resulted in having harmful effects on the process of rebuilding societies. This paper argues that even being started with good intentions, some projects without careful consideration of the post-conflict settings can play a role of dividing a society in the long run. In order to examine this point, this paper focuses on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina and takes up a Japanese aid project carried out in the education sector. In conclusion, this paper emphasizes that peace-building operations must be implemented based on the long-term perspective in order not to do any harm to a postconflict society.
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| 3.
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INDOH Midori
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Enhancing student teacher awareness through actual classroom research has come to prominence in recent language teacher
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development. In this paper, I have analyzed various classroom interactions that have taken place during Japanese language teaching practice by student teachers. For this purpose, I have examined the scripts taken as records of classroom interactions between the student teacher and the learners in various classroom contexts. I focused on the ‘ questioning and eliciting' aspects of teachers' verbal behavior, answering questions by learners, and ‘ learner-initiated talk and questioning' aspects among the categories of classroom interactions and referred to the problem of classroom rapport.
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| 4.
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Midori Indoh ; Keisuke Tanatsugu ; Tomomi Tabuki ; Yayoi Ohji
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Although foreign students who come to Japan are highly motivated to learn the Japanese language, they often meet with great difficulties that set them back. Mastering the reading and writing of the kanji vocabulary seems to present
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especially great hardships to them. Therefore, it is very important to provide a learning environment that will enable them to engage in serious learning wherever and whenever they wish. For this reason, we decided to develop an online learning program that will motivate and assist self-learners. In this paper, we will discuss the significance of this software system, describe the system's structure, and summarize the program.
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| 5.
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Anne CRESCINI ; Rodger WILLIAMSON
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Although declining in recent years, the number of Japanese students studying in the United States every year is still over 20,000. According to Open Doors International, in 2009, 24,264 Japanese students spent time studying for some
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length of time at an American university (2009). Many of these students participated in a program of a semester of less. Recent research (Dwyer, 2004) has shown that while perhaps longterm programs (a semester or more) have a more significant impact on language growth, most students studying abroad, regardless of length, report increase in intercultural development and personal growth (quoted in Chieffo and Griffiths 2009, pp. 367-368). All study abroad programs can have an impact on a student's life. In the past few years, the University of Kitakyushu (UKK) has been putting a stronger emphasis on English-language learning in an effort to produce more globallyminded citizens. One result of that emphasis has been the implementation of a regular semester-long study abroad program at Tacoma Community College (TCC) in the United States. This program, and the effect on students' lives is the focus of this paper. First, a brief history of the Kitakyushu-Tacoma sister city relationship will be given, along with a description of mutual exchange programs; next, the University of Kitakyushu-Tacoma Community College study abroad program will be covered in detail. This will be followed by student comments on the good points and bad points of this program, as well as reflections on how this program changed them. Lastly, the authors will reflect on the usefulness of this program, and how it can be made better and have a more lasting language and cultural impact on UKK students' lives, helping to shape them into more confident global citizens.
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| 6.
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Naohisa Goto
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I investigate capital movements under capital market imperfections in an endogenously growing economy. According to the classical or standard model of international monetary theory, capital fl ows from rich to poor countries
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because marginal productivity of capital that equals to interest rate in poor countries is higher than that in rich countries. In the actual world, however, the capital in most of developing countries flows out to the foreign financial market. In this paper, I show that the interest rates depend on the monitoring cost or verification cost which is the cost to verify or to monitor the realized return of borrowers' investment projects. Under then assumption that verification cost depends on the existing capital in an economy, the relation between verifi cation cost and interest rate determines the direction of capital movements. If growth of economy leads to the decreases in the cost of verifi cation,capital in developing countries fl ows out to developed countries.
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| 7.
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Jumpei Tanaka
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The purpose of this paper is to formulate the growth process of asset bubbles which is consistent with actual experience
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s of bubbles characterized by the emergence, expansion, and sudden crash and to analyze its effects on dynamic aspects of the economy. We show that if we remove the assumption of perfect foresight of all agents from the standard model of rational self-fulfi lling bubbles, such a growth process of bubbles, which we call “non-self-fulfi lling bubbles”, can be formulated. We also investigate the endogenous timing of the crash of non-self-fulfi lling bubbles, growth and welfare effects of them, and a public policy which cuts the duration of the process of non-self-fulfi lling bubbles short.
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| 8.
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Jumpei Tanaka
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We investigate how large is the social benefit (or cost) of the stock price bubble formulated by Olivier (2000). We cons
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ider three types of the bubble: continuous non-self-fulfilling bubble (CNB), and temporal non-self-fulfilling bubble (TNB), and self-fulfilling bubble (SB). Under the condition that utilities of all generations are evaluated almost equally we show that (ⅰ) the existence of CNB improves the social welfare and its extent is equilvalent to subsidizing (gB - g0) / gB (>0) rate of a wage income to all generations in the bubbleless economy (where g0 and gB are the growth rate of the economy without bubble and with bubble, respectively), (ⅱ) the welfare property of TNB is neutral in that the social welfare level of the economy with TNB is exactly equal to that of the bubbleless economy, and (ⅲ) the existence of SB harms the social welfare and its extent is equilvalent to imposing (g0 - gB) / gB (>0) rate of a wage income tax to all generations.
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| 9.
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9. When the PATH OF LIFE crosses the RIVER OF TIME: Multivalent Bridge Metaphor in Literary Contexts
Daniel C. Strack
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Daniel C. Strack
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| 11.
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Yumi Terada
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| 12.
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Hiroshi Sudo
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| 13.
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Fang Wei
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This paper incorporates the separation of ownership and management as well as import tariff policy into an international
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mixed duopoly model in which a home semipublic firm competes with a foreign private firm. We demonstrate three cases to examine how the presence of separation of ownership and management affects the home government’s tariff imposition incentive when a home firm is partially nationalized. We further examine how the move advantage of the home government and firm owners affects their payoffs. It is shown that the home government and home firm prefer to acting as the first mover, while the foreign firm does not always. The ranking of the optimal tariff rates in the three cases (no delegation, government moves first, owners move first) is dependent on the degree of nationalization of the home semipublic firm.
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| 14.
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Midori INDOH
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Simply put, brainstorming is an activity that enables a small group of individuals, interacting spontaneously, to come up with an assortment of ideas in order to achieve a certain purpose. In this article, I will focus on the
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brainstorming activities for "reading comprehension" that I use in my class on "Multicultural Approach to Japanese Reading Comprehension." The aim of this study is to explain how students in my reading comprehension class complete a specific task to fulfill a particular purpose, in order to achieve a better understanding of Japanese society and culture.
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| 15.
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Tsuyoshi OHIRA ; 大平, 剛
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This paper focuses on the roles and the structures of two emerging regimes: the United Nations Development Cooperation Forum and the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation. We show that these two regimes overlap to a
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considerable extent not only in their mandates but also in their structures. Judging from the regime theory, we can conclude that these two regimes do not seem to create a situation so-called "regime complex" but have been causing an inefficient situation. In order to dissolve such a situation, we can insist that emerging economies such as China and India have key roles because their voices have become to carry considerable weight in the international arenas. Then, in the latter half of the paper, we examine the roles of three East Asian countries, China, South Korea, and Japan, each of which has a significant role in either the UNDCF or GP-EDC or in both.
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| 16.
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河野, 智謙 ; 陽川, 憲 ; 平松, 拓也 ; Jean-Pierre RONA ; François BOUTEAU
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This article describes the recent collaboration between Japanese and French teams aiming at the survey on the corpus of
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the history of botanical sciences in Paris, based on the literatures originated from the libraries of Université de Paris, one of the world oldest universities (well known as Sorbonne). Two teams attempted to fully re-collect and preserve the Sorbonne-derived botanical literatures at Université Paris Diderot through successive surveys in recent 2 years. As a result, many of classical books, doctoral theses and journals (dated between 1815-1970) were re-collected and registered as the open-access sources for future analyses.
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| 17.
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FANG WEI
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This note studies how the foreign ownership affects the host government's trade policy. We examine the four cases to examine the government's strategic policy determination. When the country owns a part of the equities of the foreign firm,
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the government has the incentive to tax borh domestic and foreign firms. Since taxation makes firms compete less aggressively and increase tax revenues, taxing both domestic and foreign firms improves the national welfare. We also show the numerical results under linear demand function and examine how the trade policy and market equilibrium are affected by the foreign ownership and cost efficiency.
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| 18.
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任, 章
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本稿は2013年6月にイスタンブール工科大学において開かれた第3回バルカン・中東諸国会計史国際会議・同ルカ・パチオリ記念会計史国際会議における、筆者の閉会セッション講演記録及びその邦訳である。
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| 19.
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下野, 寿子
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Despite developing regional cooperation, East Asia is still suffering from several territorial disputes, most of which involve China. So how does China intend to commit to regional cooperation? Sometimes domestic concerns make China
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too cautious to further the liberalization of trade, but since the 1990s, the Communist government has put much value on multilateralism and regional cooperation. In this context, China is accelerating efforts to complete free trade agreements with Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Hong Kong, and Taiwan to avoid isolation and increase its political and economic influence in the region. In the same context, China's next challenge is removal of financial control toward currency internationalization. Meanwhile, the cross-strait relationship with Taiwan and the Sino-Japanese relationship will continue to challenge China. To conclude, China will act positively toward furthering East Asian regional cooperation, yet using bilateralism to resolve territorial disputes will slow down the decision-making process for regional cooperation.
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| 20.
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Jun Maeda
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アメリカの対外負債残高が巨大化してゆき、為替レートや金利に不安定な動きが起きつつあるのかどうかを明らかにする。
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| 21.
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河野, 智謙
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In the course of collection of corpus for botanical history and/or science history, the author visited an open book mark
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et in Paris and obtained a book written by Louis Liger(1658-1717), a French non-academic agriculturist, which was published in 1715, exactly 300 years ago(Liger, 1715). This book written in French entitled "Le menage des champs et de la ville, ou le nouveau jardinier François accommode au goust du temps" practically tells us how to maintain the gardens and the city of 18th century in France. In the present article, the author discuss the view that this book and other books written by Liger guiding for self-gardening, hunting and fishing as leisure could be one of qualitative measures scaling the economical preparedness or wealth in French society in early 18th century, for driving ordinary people for the semi-agricultural activities in countryside for fun, apart from its significance as the means for human survival
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| 22.
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Kenji Azetsu ; Seiji Yamada
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Recently, patent pools have been often established by the patent holders in order to promote R&D and set technical standards. Patent pools are one of the administration methods for licensing, that many patent holders concentrate their
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own patents and the administrator of patent pools offers the package licenses to licensees. This paper discusses the social welfare implications for the patent pool from the view of anti-competitive effect. We consider the asymmetry patents such as the basic patents and optional patents, and investigate whether the patent pool should include optional patents with basic patents. We also examine the two licensing schemes of the patent pools; the single package licensing inclusive of all patents in the patent pool and the multiple packages licensing which is desired by licensees.
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| 23.
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Hamano Takeshi
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The family has been the most significant subject of enquiry in sociology over many decades, although the family has been reconstructed by globalization. A sociological theory of globalization must necessarily consider both global
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integration and local differentiation. For instance, discussions about compressed modernity emphasize the plurality of modernity because of the different historical and cultural contexts of each society. At the local level, the nation-state has continued to play a dominant role in relation to the institutional and ideological construction of the family system. Functions that were hitherto part of the family system are being reconstructed within the global system. This paper reviews recent debates about the transformation of the family in modern Asia in reference to social systems theory, and proposes a theoretical agenda about the reconstruction of the Japanese family today.
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| 24.
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魏, 芳
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本研究ノートはWEI（2010）の枠組みで、戦略的補助金政策と経営者委任行動の同値性結果を再検討した。本ノートは複数の企業に着目し、企業の数が増えると、オーナーの同値性補助金の結果がどのように影響されるのか明らかにした。
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| 25.
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Tanaka, Jumpei
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Dutt and Sen (1997) constructed a monopolistic competition model with union bargaining to provide a rigorous microfoundation for the Kalecki model. They demonstrated that a change in the money stock impacts real variables, such as
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output, when the nominal level of the worker's reservation wage is exogenously given. We demonstrate, however, that when its real level is given, the neutrality of money revives, which means that the main feature of the Keynes-Kalecki model no longer holds true.
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| 26.
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中井, 遼
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Who do ethnically minority parties succeed or fail to win seats? To solve this puzzle, this article explores cross-natio
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nal and inter-temporal differences in the post-communist new democracies. This study argues that governmental policy positions and the strategic behavior of ethnic minorities determine the success and failure of ethnic parties and account for the variance in their standings. A spatial model demonstrates how ethnic minorities react to other parties’ policy changes, and statistical analysis using seventeen Central and East European countries’ data verifies this hypothesis.
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| 27.
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濱野, 健
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Taking the elaboration of social systems theory into account, this paper aims to explore the ways in which the family today can be theorized in social theory. As a result of the functional differentiation of the process of modernization, the
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family, as a distinctive functional system, has been given quite particular meanings. In relation to other self-referential social systems and the structural couplings and communications through them, it may also be necessary for the theory to involve a wider range of family organizational patterns while remaining a space wherein intimacy is maintained. The functional approach to the family of Niklas Luhman's social systems theory will account for a radical model of the family. If the family today must be investigated with consideration to its wider dynamic relationships (or communications) with other social components beyond regional or spatial limits in the age of globalization, his theoretical elaboration can be further investigated in that it redefines social systems theory by drawing attention to the alternative traits of modernizations in our society.
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| 28.
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張, 岩紅
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From the beginning of its history, China has been a nation of many ethnic groups, and compared with other countries its total population is rather large. Compared with China, Japan is in principle a country made up essentially only
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one ethnic group and compared with its land mass, if has a rather large population of 130 million people, making if the 10th most populous country in the world. For different reasons, both countries with the progress of time have come to face globalization at present, in this paper seeks to define differences in approach between the positiveness of Chinese and the care for detail exhibited by Japanese.
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| 29.
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漆原, 朗子
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This paper reviews Sapir's (1921) morphological analysis for grammatical processes and seeks to show what kind of implication it has for the development of morphological theory. But before going straight to Sapir (1921), I will
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review the course of development of morphology in Section 1, drawing attention to the fact that there have been many debates on morphology as an independent module of grammar, its place, methodology, and so on. Section 2 reviews Sapir's grammatical processes and terminology, and criticizes one of his notations. As an exemplification for issues surrounding morphology, I show several phenomena in English and Japanese that can be best captured at the interface of morphology and other domains of grammar.In Section 3 I will show that morphology is an independent module with many operations at work at the interfaces with syntax and phonology.
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| 30.
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児玉, 弥生 ; 三宅, 博之 ; Safrudie, Haris Anwar ; Utaya, Sugeng ; Djatmika, Eri Tri ; Degen, Nyoman Sudana
概要:
本稿では、日本とインドネシアにおける環境ESDの現状と実践的課題について考察している。第1節は、HESD（持続可能な開発のための高等教育）、そしてCSR（企業の社会的責任）とCSV（共有価値の創造）の観点から従業員と市民にESDを推進してき
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た企業等、日本の大学と企業のESD（持続可能な開発のための教育）の意義と内容を示す。第2節は、環境に配慮した施設を備えた学校及びユネスコスクールの取り組み等、小中学校を中心とする日本のフォーマル教育におけるESD実践を考察する。第3節はインドネシア東アジア州のAdiwiyata Schoolプログラム認定学校の施設設備の現状、つづく第4節は同プログラムに認定された中学校における環境教育の教材内容を議論する。最後に、日本とインドネシアの環境ESDの比較考察を行っている。
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| 31.
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31. How Does Anime Realize Public Diplomacy?: The Potential and Future Prospects of Anime Pilgrimage
森, 裕亮
概要:
This paper identifies the potential and future prospects of anime pilgrimage for realizing and deploying public diplomacy. Anime has attracted a great deal of attention as a significant resource for public diplomacy in Japan. The Japanese
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government has attempted to develop many programs that utilize anime in order to enhance national diplomacy, but the anime pilgrimage has not been adequately considered in the field of foreign policy. This paper begins by elucidating the characteristics of the anime pilgrimage. Special focus is placed on how a motion picture, including an anime work, impacts the viewers' motivation to visit the places featured. Regarding anime, the role of "otaku" is essential. Otaku pilgrims are likely to proactively interact both with themselves and the people in the destination. Secondly, this research will focus on the concept "public diplomacy" and "soft power." Although the aim of managing the international environment is common to all diplomacy, public diplomacy is different from traditional diplomacy, in particular due to its stress on "people to people," two-way exchanges based on soft power rather than "government-to-government" interlocutions with coercive "hard power" or "governmentto-(overseas) people" one-way communication. Finally, the potential, limitations, and future prospects of anime pilgrimage in realizing public diplomacy are proposed. Anime pilgrimages have the potential to provide the foundation for "people-to-people" diplomacy through establishing transnational communities, whereas, now it has not posited as part of a whole system of Japanese public diplomacy programs and, moreover, the number of overseas pilgrims remains small. Thus, in order to achieve public diplomacy and soft power, many government agencies would do well to establish cross-over policy cooperation.
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| 32.
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Kawano, Tomonori
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Nowadays, the liberal education hardly survives nor thrives in the universities world-wide. While liberal studies are st
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ill needed today, we have to seek for possible and ideal forms of liberal education to be provided in the higher educational institutions in Japan despite most Japanese universities are future willing to focusing on the much more specialized and/or applied studies rather than liberal educations. One of the likely approaches for reviving the liberal studies is to refurnishing the topics to be covered. In the present perspective position paper, the author discussed the necessity and possible forms of future liberal educations in order to raise and release the novel types of human resources capable of not only adopting to but also pioneering and innovating the future society. In the early sections, views on the liberal studies through historical time span was brought about and discussion led to the vision that future innovators should be able to be benefitted by (and accessible to) the liberal knowledge as if "standing on the shoulders of giants." Then, importance of open and necessity of multi-disciplinary visions shared by both scientists and ordinary people were discussed. From the history, we can learn that there used to be specific periods represented by growth of science led by multi-disciplinary giants of knowledge (the many-sided men) especially the renaissance in Italy (14-15th centuries) and enlightenment movement in wider Europe (late 17th to early 19th centuries）. Lastly, novel liberal educational programs raising the novel type of many-sided people belonging to both science and humanity schools, educated and skilled in digital and bio-sciences (in addition to traditional liberal studies) are proposed.
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| 33.
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NAKAI, Ryo
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This research, using European Social Survey (ESS) data, investigates effects of the social, economic, and political back
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grounds on Baltic inhabitants’ attitudes toward non-European visible migrants. Results show that attitudes toward such migrants are defined not merely by an individual’s level of social awareness, but are also related to respondents’ economic status and political orientation. Although some findings might be intuitively known by local context, this research contributes to providing concrete, empirical evidence to enable better understanding of rapidly-emerging source of social tensions.
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| 34.
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NAKAI, Ryo
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Estonia and Latvia held municipal elections in 2017 and each case saw the rise of political outsiders, so-called populist and/or radical-right parties. While the two republics have a high level of similarity in their socioeconomic
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backgrounds and political systems, a comparative analysis of the 2017 municipal elections in their two capital cities demonstrates interesting contrasts. In Estonia, the radical-right party won seats where such rightist parties had not been popular earlier, while in Latvia, the reformistic populist party won seats where the rightist party had long been popular. What these elections had in common, however, were that they demonstrated their` newness' within existing political contexts. This implies a nuanced background for the reasons behind the change in European party politics, including how and when radical-rightist and populist parties emerge. The rise of these outsider parties is, to some degree, connected with already-existing contexts of party competitions.
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| 35.
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魏, 芳
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This note examines the implications of the separation of ownership and management based on a reciprocal markets model. W
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e consider horizontal product differentiation in an international duopoly with symmetric cost functions. We find that in the presence of managerial delegation, both countries’ governments have a weaker incentive to tax foreign imports and the price dumping margins become smaller.
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| 36.
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Chowdhury, Mahbubul Alam
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Recently, electric vehicles (EV) production and markets have been growing and auto makers are producing their products, continuing development and improving portfolios to match the needs of consumers. This paper is devoted to the
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analysis of the evolution of different aspects, concepts and strategies of frugal innovation, then the development of EVs from a historical perspective and finally an overview is given of the different types of EVs developed in this paper. In other research done on Frgal Innovation the different challenges of facing EVs are described and analyzed. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness among companies of the need to innovate with limited resources. The main goal of the article is to demonstrate how the frugal innovations of EVs refers to innovative EV components, such as motors, bodies, tires, batteries, infrastructure and electricity, that are developed and deployed with minimal resources to meet the needs of their markets.
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| 37.
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Maebayashi, Noritaka
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This study investigates (i) the growth-maximizing, (ii) second-best, and (iii) first-best welfare-maximizing policies when the government produces productive public services using capital and private goods. When the production costs of
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public services are financed by income tax, the government spending-output ratio exceeds the output elasticity of public services (Pareto-optimal level) under the growth-maximizing or second-best welfare-maximizing policy. This leads to an over-use of resources by the government, over-provision of public services, and under-accumulation of capital in a decentralized economy. Subsidies on private investment, which is increasing in the contribution of publicly employed capital to final goods, can resolve these inefficiencies.
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| 38.
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Chowdhury , Mahbubul Alam
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The automobile industry is experiencing a technological revolution with the rise of electric drive vehicles (EDVs), whic
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h are challenging their internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) counterparts. Due to the problems caused by the gasoline engine on the environment and people, the automotive industry has turned again to the electrical powered vehicle. There is growing environmental awareness, increased innovation, growing consumer acceptance, government support of infrastructure and financial subsidies, and investments by OEMs (original equipment manufacturer), and therefore an increasing demand for EDVs. But there are still many issues with EDVs that need to be resolved in the near future. In addition, EDVs have a promising future, although it’s going to be a long journey to get close to ICEVs, which have existed for more than a century. This study explains how the challenges facing EDVs will be solved and how they will be made sustainable in Asia and the world. The world’s largest EDV auto market is in Asia, specifically China, Japan, South Korea, India and some others southeast Asian countries and regions although the automobile industry worldwide has been providing consumers with a broad range of EDVs, Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), Battery Electric Vehicles (EVs), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) and others. This paper demonstrates some of the advantages and disadvantages of EVs and gives a brief view of the technological development of these cars.
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| 39.
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魏, 芳
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In this note, we reexamine the implications of the separation of ownership and management based on relative performance contracts following the Miller and Pazgal(2005). We show that the strategic subsidization incentive depends on the
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presence of managerial delegation. We further endogenize the firms' managerial delegation decisions and find that both firms choose not to delegate a manager, and the socially optimum outcome is the result.
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| 40.
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Chowdhury, Mahbubul Alam
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Financial scandals in the 21st century in Japan have shown that independent auditing firms do not always fulfill their duties. News headlines of recent years have contained increasingly frequent reports of corporate scandals.
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Corporate scandals include financial irregularities which are related to the accounting records, falsification of transactions, the misuse of accounting principles and others financial activities. Reducing corporate financial irregularity is an important task, especially given its negative impacts on; production, trust within a corporation, shareholders, the quality of service provision, investment and trade, employees and finally, economies. This research describes the largest financial scandal in recent Japanese corporate history, involving the Nissan Motor Company. According to Nissan, Carlos Ghosn had been systematically under-reporting his earnings to security regulators and misusing company assets for personal benefit.
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| 41.
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濱野, 健
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Through a reflection on the teaching of Cultural Studies in Asia, this paper discusses how the teaching of cultures, par
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ticularly everyday cultures, is a unique opportunity to improve students’ skills in unlearning our social world. Similar to Western institutions, Asian universities, including those in Japan, face a crisis in the humanities as they deal with the rapid (and even unpredictable) transformation of society in the age of globalization. Meanwhile, while tertiary education has played an increasingly prominent role in the career prospects of younger generations, educational institutions are still far from reinventing themselves and offering programs that address the growing complexity of our world from alternative perspectives by facing the increasing anxiety not only among young people, but also among university students and policy makers. Although instructors must understand and respond to the immediate demand of students to acquire practical skills to deal with the complexities of the world, they are also responsible for teaching them how to deal with wordily issues inclusively rather than use their knowledge exclusively and then reduce their alternatives and possibilities for a better future. Given that liberal arts education in the humanities can be essentially regarded as an art of experience and recognition of the reality of our world with its diversity and differences, the teaching of the humanities can be considered the most precious opportunity for students to realize their own contingent status quo, which would result in the development of their resilience and inclusion in life. Cultural Studies is indeed the latest discipline in the long history of the humanities. Its peculiar methods and theories on critical matters have been surprisingly elaborated over the past decades in response to voices that have been calling for the deconstruction and reconstruction of our social world since the last century. In seeking to understand this immediate progress of Cultural Studies and its growth through disciplinary differentiation as a response of the humanities to our society, this paper debates how teaching Cultural Studies can enable students to obtain specific knowledge and resilience skills to recreate their future by increasing their sense of inclusion and openness beyond borders and territories.
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| 42.
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Chowdhury, Mahbubul Alam
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This paper is a study of higher education for human resource development (HRD), how it has been affected by the COVID-19
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pandemic and is being attention through innovative strategies in Japan. The expansion of compulsory education and a rise in high-school and university enrollment rates have contributed to economic growth in the postwar period. HRD is essential to Japan’s national economic plan and policies despite the country’s lack of natural resources. HRD imparts attitudes, knowledge, sensitivities, and skills though education. Educational institutions have well developed, and developing, curriculums, teaching, learning and research which provide (new) employees with everything they need for their careers and life in general. However, the country has been facing and continues to faces several challenges. First, Japan has a declining 18 years old population, and second, is struggling with student recruitment, with nearly 40 percent of universities and colleges being unable to reach their capacities or quotas (teiin), a situation different from that of many other countries. Under these circumstances, the country needs useful and capable human resources with fundamental knowledge and skills who can lead the society. The Japanese government have introduced several reforms to find solutions to tackle these problems. This paper is a study of Japan’s higher education system and a discussion on Education Development, Trends, Issues, Reforms and Innovative Strategies in Education for Human Resources that have surfaced out of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 43.
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Chowdhury, Mahbubul Alam
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This paper provides an overview of the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) situation of the automotive industry in some Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries where enforced lockdowns and social restriction have come with
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real human costs in the areas of economic development. The COVID-19 state of the ASEAN automobile industry will be explained by putting into global context, including the strategy of beyond COVID-19. In general, COVID-19 has likely to affected the automotive industry in production, markets and supply chain. There is production in ASEAN markets that is mainly based on assembly of imported completely-knocked-down (CKD). The distinct effects of COVID-19 on automobile production, sales and export within the ASEAN region. This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ASEAN in the automotive industry. The goal is to provide a comprehensive view of importance of automobile industry, examine strategies impact on the recent pandemic, and provide a picture of where the industry is headed, particularly in light of the increasing importance of both production and consumption in ASEAN nations.
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Miyuki KITA
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Adam Hailes
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Tomoko Sugiyama
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David Adam Stott
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Denis Jonnes
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松田, 智
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Daniel C. Strack
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